Under pressure, team integration may be impaired by an inability to communicate information clearly and accurately to others. As the work environment for healthcare professionals becomes increasingly team based, the importance of training health care professionals to work together in teams has the aim of improving team cohesion, promoting patient safety, and reducing medical error ⁽³⁵⁾. Simulated trauma resuscitation scenarios provide instruction on crisis resource management and have been shown to improve team performance in subsequent simulated and real-time scenarios ⁽³⁶⁾. The importance of non-technical skills such as effective communication, leadership, and teamwork are recognized as essential components of the team, which correlates with clinical outcomes in trauma resuscitation ⁽³⁷⁾.

Simulation-based training for healthcare providers is a well-established training tool, especially in the development of non-technical team-building skills. Often this simulation takes place in a remote location, unfamiliar to staff, at a high cost to the participants, with releasing of staff to attend these workshops difficult.

In situ simulation takes place in the actual working environment and allows for improved team performance in the workplace. There are many advantages to this method of simulation training as individuals are familiar with equipment and are more comfortable in their environment ⁽⁶⁾. In situ training also allows for improved teamwork and inter-professional communication using teams that actually work together, and simulations can be tailored around events/scenarios that are relevant to the team. It conveys a greater sense of realism and team interaction and can identify system failures and problems that had not been previously identified ⁽¹⁰⁾.

While courses remain a valuable learning tool for teaching technical skills, in situ simulation can play an important complementary role in reinforcing these skills and providing a bridge to the clinical environment and the use of these skills in patient care ^{(38, 39)}. Each healthcare facility should make time to practice in-situ simulations so that staff can feel empowered and work together as an effective team ^{(7, 40)}.